Internal combustion engines are of two main types. The first is the spark ignition engine, commonly known as naphthor because it works on naphtha or regular gasoline. In this type of engine, the vaporized fuel mixed with air enters into ignition by means of an electric spark. Expansion of gases caused by combustion heat impels a piston or rotor. Usually the fuel consumed by spark ignition engines is gasoline, but sometimes also liquefied pressure gases (G.L.P.).
The second type is the Diesel compression-ignition engine, which also uses the heat of a combustion process to drive a piston, but in which no spark is needed. Instead, the fuel, vaporized, is injected and comes into contact with air heated to a temperature sufficient to burn by itself. Compression-ignition engines use heavy oils (gas-oil) instead of gasoline.
The force driving both types of engines is not, in strict terms, an “explosion”, even if it is called the time the force acts. The fuels used are switched on quickly, but they burn relatively slowly when compared, for example, to dynamite. This feature allows the piston to be driven into its cylinder without damage, while an explosion would destroy it.
The vast majority of internal combustion engines intended for motor vehicles are of alternative motion. In them, the reciprocating of one or more pistons becomes, by means of a crankshaft, in a very similar way to that in which the more or less vertical movements of the legs of a cyclist turn the sprocket of the bicycle.
Alternate motion motors, in turn, are of two types. In the two-stroke engine, the piston receives driving force one ve2 each revolution of the crankshaft (or every two strokes of the piston). On the four-stroke engine, the force acts once every two revolutions of the crankshaft (or four strokes of the piston).
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